El cuidado de niños y adolescentes negros con problemas de salud mental en la interseccionalidad entre género y raza / The care provided to black-skinned children and adolescents with mental health problems in the intersection between gender and race / O cuidado de crianças e adolescentes negros com problemas de saúde mental na interseccionalidade entre gênero e raça

Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil sociofamiliar de niños y adolescentes negros con problemas de salud mental y describir desde un enfoque interseccional quién es responsable de su cuidado. Método: estudio exploratorio descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo, llevado a cabo en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infantil y Juvenil de la región norte del municipio de São Paulo. La recolección de datos se realizó con 47 familiares de niños y adolescentes negros, con el soporte de un guion con variables predefinidas, sometidas a análisis estadístico. Resultados: se realizaron 49 entrevistas, 95,5% con mujeres, con edad promedio de 39 años, 88,6% madres, 85,7% negras. La renta familiar procede del salario para el 100% de los cuidadores hombres y el 59% de las mujeres. Entre las cuidadoras negras, 25% tienen casa propia y, entre las pardas, 46,2%. Del total de cuidadores, el 10% vive en casas ocupadas, el 20% vive en viviendas cedidas, el 35% tiene casa propia y el 35% alquila. La red de contención social es mayor entre los blancos (16,7%), seguidos por los pardos (3,8%) y está ausente entre los negros (0%). Conclusión: las responsables por el cuidado de niños y e adolescentes negros atendidos en el CAPSij, son, casi en su totalidad mujeres, "madres o abuelas" negras (o mulatas), con acceso desigual a educación, trabajo y vivienda, derechos sociales constitucionales en Brasil.

Objective: to characterize the sociofamily profile of black-skinned children and adolescents with mental health problems and to intersectionally describe who assumes responsibility for their care. Method: a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed in the Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents from the North region of the municipality of São Paulo. The data were collected from 47 family members of black-skinned children and adolescents, using a script with predefined variables submitted to statistical analysis. Results: a total of 49 interviews were conducted: 95.5% women with a mean age of 39 years old, 88.6% mothers and 85.7% black-skinned. Family income comes from wages for all the male caregivers and for 59% of the women. Among the black-skinned female caregivers, 25% live in their own house, whereas this percentage is 46.2% among the brown-skinned ones. Of all the caregivers, 10% have a job, 20% live in transferred properties, 35% in houses of their own and 35% in rented places. The social support network is larger among white-skinned people (16.7%), followed by brown-skinned (3.8%), and absent among black-skinned individuals (0%). Conclusion: those responsible for the care of black-skinned children and adolescents monitored by the CAPS-IJ are almost entirely women, black-skinned (black or brown) "mothers or grandmothers", with unequal access to education, work and housing, constitutional social rights in Brazil.

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociofamiliar de crianças e adolescentes negros com problemas de saúde mental e descrever interseccionalmente quem se responsabiliza por seus cuidados. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil da região norte do município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados com 47 familiares de crianças e adolescentes negros, utilizando um roteiro com variáveis pré-definidas, submetidas à análise estatística. Resultados: foram realizadas 49 entrevistas, sendo 95,5% com mulheres, média de idade de 39 anos, 88,6% mães, 85,7% negras. A renda familiar é proveniente de salário, para 100% dos cuidadores homens e para 59% das mulheres. Dentre as cuidadoras pretas, 25% possuem casa própria, sendo que, dentre as pardas, 46,2%. Do total de cuidadores, 10% vivem em condições de ocupação, 20% habitam moradias cedidas, 35% casas próprias e 35% alugadas. A rede social de suporte é maior entre os brancos (16,7%), seguido pelos pardos (3,8%) e ausente entre os pretos (0%). Conclusão: as responsáveis pelo cuidado de crianças e adolescentes negros acompanhados pelo CAPSij, são na quase totalidade mulheres, "mães ou avós" negras (pretas ou pardas), com acesso desigual à educação, trabalho e moradia, direitos sociais constitucionais no Brasil.

The care provided to black-skinned children and adolescents with mental health problems in the intersection between gender and race. / El cuidado de niños y adolescentes negros con problemas de salud mental en la interseccionalidad entre género y raza.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the sociofamily profile of black-skinned children and adolescents with mental health problems and to intersectionally describe who assumes responsibility for their care. METHOD: a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed in the Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents from the North region of the municipality of São Paulo. The data were collected from 47 family members of black-skinned children and adolescents, using a script with predefined variables submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: a total of 49 interviews were conducted: 95.5% women with a mean age of 39 years old, 88.6% mothers and 85.7% black-skinned. Family income comes from wages for all the male caregivers and for 59% of the women. Among the black-skinned female caregivers, 25% live in their own house, whereas this percentage is 46.2% among the brown-skinned ones. Of all the caregivers, 10% have a job, 20% live in transferred properties, 35% in houses of their own and 35% in rented places. The social support network is larger among white-skinned people (16.7%), followed by brown-skinned (3.8%), and absent among black-skinned individuals (0%). CONCLUSION: those responsible for the care of black-skinned children and adolescents monitored by the CAPS-IJ are almost entirely women, black-skinned (black or brown) "mothers or grandmothers", with unequal access to education, work and housing, constitutional social rights in Brazil.

The race/color question in the care process in a psychosocial care center for children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To recognize the actions related to race/color developed in the care process of the black child and adolescent population of a Psychosocial Care Center for children and adolescents in Brazil. METHOD: This is a study with a qualitative approach focusing on the three-dimensional racism framework. Data were collected through active medical records and interviews with reference professionals. The results were categorized and thematized through content analysis and the following themes were found: typology of child violence, identification of racism, the school, access to black culture and representativeness. This study obtained ethical approval. RESULTS: The race/color question in the face of violation of fundamental rights of black children/adolescents contributes to the understanding of racism as a social determinant of mental health. Actions to empower the black population include the insertion of the race-color question as an analytical and procedural category in the Singular Therapeutic Projects, as an integral practice of multiprofessional teams work process. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to invest persistently in the identification and qualification of actions and systematic discussions to face the psychosocial effects of racism.

The race/color question in the care process in a psychosocial care center for children and adolescents / La cuestión raza/color en el proceso de cuidado en centro de atención psicosocial infantojuvenil / O quesito raça/cor no processo de cuidado em centro de atenção psicossocial infantojuvenil

ABSTRACT Objective: To recognize the actions related to race/color developed in the care process of the black child and adolescent population of a Psychosocial Care Center for children and adolescents in Brazil. Method: This is a study with a qualitative approach focusing on the three-dimensional racism framework. Data were collected through active medical records and interviews with reference professionals. The results were categorized and thematized through content analysis and the following themes were found: typology of child violence, identification of racism, the school, access to black culture and representativeness. This study obtained ethical approval. Results: The race/color question in the face of violation of fundamental rights of black children/adolescents contributes to the understanding of racism as a social determinant of mental health. Actions to empower the black population include the insertion of the race-color question as an analytical and procedural category in the Singular Therapeutic Projects, as an integral practice of multiprofessional teams work process. Conclusion: It is necessary to invest persistently in the identification and qualification of actions and systematic discussions to face the psychosocial effects of racism.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reconocer las acciones relacionadas a la cuestión raza/color desarrolladas en el proceso de cuidado de la población infantojuvenil negra de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial infantojuvenil en Brasil (CAPSij). Método: Investigación de abordaje cualitativo con enfoque en el referencial del racismo tridimensional. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de los historiales activos y entrevistas con profesionales de referencia. Los resultados fueron categorizados y tematizados por medio de análisis de contenido y se hallaron los siguientes temas: tipología de la violencia infantil, identificación del racismo, la escuela, acceso a la cultura negra y representatividad. Este estudio obtuvo aprobación ética. Resultados: La cuestión raza/color frente a la violación de derechos fundamentales del niño/adolescente negro contribuye para la comprensión del racismo como determinante social de salud mental. Las acciones de empoderamiento de la población negra abarcan la inserción de la cuestión raza/color como categoría analítica y procesual en los Proyectos Terapéuticos Singulares, como práctica integrante del proceso de trabajo de los equipos multiprofesionales. Conclusión: Es necesario invertir persistentemente en la identificación y en la cualificación de acciones y debates sistemáticos para enfrentar los efectos psicosociales del racismo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Reconhecer as ações relacionadas ao quesito raça/cor desenvolvidas no processo de cuidado da população infantojuvenil negra de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial infantojuvenil no Brasil. Método: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com enfoque no referencial do racismo tridimensional. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos prontuários ativos e entrevistas com profissionais de referência. Os resultados foram categorizados e tematizados por meio de análise de conteúdo e encontraram-se os seguintes temas: tipologia da violência infantil, identificação do racismo, a escola, acesso à cultura negra e representatividade. Este estudo obteve aprovação ética. Resultados: O quesito raça/cor frente à violação de direitos fundamentais da criança/adolescente negro contribui para a compreensão do racismo enquanto determinante social de saúde mental. As ações de empoderamento da população negra perpassam pela inserção do quesito raça-cor como categoria analítica e processual nos Projetos Terapêuticos Singulares, como prática integrante do processo de trabalho das equipes multiprofissionais. Conclusão: É preciso investir persistentemente na identificação e na qualificação de ações e discussões sistemáticas para enfrentar os efeitos psicossociais do racismo.